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Dictionary

Curated beginner entries with readings, senses, and examples. Original glosses; not a full JMdict dump.

  • わたし

    わたし

    • pronoun

      I; me (neutral polite)

      わたしはケンです。

      watashi wa ken desu

      I am Ken.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • こんにちは

    こんにちは

    • greeting

      hello (daytime greeting)

      こんにちは。

      konnichiwa

      Hello.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • カフェ

    カフェ

    • noun

      café

      カフェにいます。

      kafe ni imasu

      I am at a café.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • コーヒー

    コーヒー

    • noun

      coffee

      コーヒーをください。

      koohii o kudasai

      Coffee, please.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • のむ

    のむ

    • verb

      to drink

      みずをのみます。

      mizu o nomimasu

      I drink water.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • あつい

    あつい

    • i-adjective

      hot (temperature)

      きょうはあついです。

      kyou wa atsui desu

      It is hot today.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • がくせい

    がくせい

    • noun

      student

      わたしはがくせいです。

      watashi wa gakusei desu

      I am a student.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • みず

    みず

    • noun

      water

      みずをのみます。

      mizu o nomimasu

      I drink water.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • がっこう

    がっこう

    • noun

      school

      がっこうにいきます。

      gakkou ni ikimasu

      I go to school.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • いく

    いく

    • verb

      to go

      がっこうにいきます。

      gakkou ni ikimasu

      I go to school.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 日本

    にほん

    • noun

      Japan

      日本にいきます。

      nihon ni ikimasu

      I go to Japan.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 日本語

    にほんご

    • noun

      Japanese (language)

      日本語をべんきょうします。

      nihongo o benkyou shimasu

      I study Japanese.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 食べる

    たべる

    • verb

      to eat

      ごはんを食べます。

      gohan o tabemasu

      I eat a meal / rice.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 見る

    みる

    • verb

      to see; to watch

      テレビを見ます。

      terebi o mimasu

      I watch TV.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • よろしくおねがいします

    よろしくおねがいします

    • phrase

      please treat me well; nice to meet you (closing)

      よろしくおねがいします。

      yoroshiku onegaishimasu

      Nice to meet you.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • あなた

    あなた

    • vocabulary

      you (use carefully)

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • なまえ

    なまえ

    • vocabulary

      name

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • せんせい

    せんせい

    • vocabulary

      teacher

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • はじめまして

    はじめまして

    • vocabulary

      nice to meet you

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • いち〜じゅう

    いち に さん…

    • vocabulary

      numbers 1–10

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • なんじ

    なんじ

    • vocabulary

      what time

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • じ

    じ

    • vocabulary

      o’clock (counter)

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • はは

    はは

    • vocabulary

      my mother

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ちち

    ちち

    • vocabulary

      my father

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • あね

    あね

    • vocabulary

      older sister (my)

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ともだち

    ともだち

    • vocabulary

      friend

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ひと

    ひと

    • vocabulary

      person

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • たべる

    たべる

    • vocabulary

      to eat

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ごはん

    ごはん

    • vocabulary

      meal; rice

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • くる

    くる

    • vocabulary

      to come

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • えき

    えき

    • vocabulary

      station

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • うち

    うち

    • vocabulary

      home; house

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • みる

    みる

    • vocabulary

      to see; watch

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • おきる

    おきる

    • vocabulary

      to get up

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ねる

    ねる

    • vocabulary

      to sleep

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • べんきょう

    べんきょう

    • vocabulary

      study

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • さむい

    さむい

    • vocabulary

      cold (weather)

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • おおきい

    おおきい

    • vocabulary

      big

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ちいさい

    ちいさい

    • vocabulary

      small

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • しずか

    しずか

    • vocabulary

      quiet

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • げんき

    げんき

    • vocabulary

      well; energetic

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • いくら

    いくら

    • vocabulary

      how much (price)

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • かいもの

    かいもの

    • vocabulary

      shopping

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • みせ

    みせ

    • vocabulary

      shop; store

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • きのう

    きのう

    • vocabulary

      yesterday

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • あした

    あした

    • vocabulary

      tomorrow

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • きょう

    きょう

    • vocabulary

      today

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • まいにち

    まいにち

    • vocabulary

      every day

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • いっしょ

    いっしょ

    • vocabulary

      together

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ちょっと

    ちょっと

    • vocabulary

      a little; a moment

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • もういちど

    もういちど

    • vocabulary

      once more

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • まって

    まって

    • vocabulary

      wait (te-form chunk)

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ペン

    ペン

    • vocabulary

      pen

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ほん

    ほん

    • vocabulary

      book

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ねこ

    ねこ

    • vocabulary

      cat

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • いぬ

    いぬ

    • vocabulary

      dog

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • にく

    にく

    • vocabulary

      meat

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • やさい

    やさい

    • vocabulary

      vegetables

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • パン

    パン

    • vocabulary

      bread

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • おちゃ

    おちゃ

    • vocabulary

      tea

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • でんしゃ

    でんしゃ

    • vocabulary

      train

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • バス

    バス

    • vocabulary

      bus

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ひま

    ひま

    • vocabulary

      free time

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • しごと

    しごと

    • vocabulary

      work; job

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • います

    います

    • vocabulary

      to be / exist (animate)

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • それから

    それから

    • vocabulary

      and then; after that

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • いち

    いち

    • numeral

      one

      いちじです。

      ichiji desu

      It is one o’clock.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • に

    に

    • numeral

      two

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • さん

    さん

    • numeral

      three

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • よん

    よん

    • numeral

      four

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ご

    ご

    • numeral

      five

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ろく

    ろく

    • numeral

      six

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • なな

    なな

    • numeral

      seven

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • はち

    はち

    • numeral

      eight

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • きゅう

    きゅう

    • numeral

      nine

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • じゅう

    じゅう

    • numeral

      ten

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • これ

    これ

    • pronoun

      this (near me)

      これはペンです。

      kore wa pen desu

      This is a pen.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • それ

    それ

    • pronoun

      that (near you)

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • あれ

    あれ

    • pronoun

      that (over there)

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ここ

    ここ

    • pronoun

      here

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • そこ

    そこ

    • pronoun

      there (near you)

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • あそこ

    あそこ

    • pronoun

      over there

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • あります

    あります

    • verb

      there is (inanimate)

      ペンがあります。

      pen ga arimasu

      There is a pen.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ください

    ください

    • phrase

      please give / please do

      みずをください。

      mizu o kudasai

      Water, please.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • すき

    すき

    • na-adjective

      liked; favorite

      ねこがすきです。

      neko ga suki desu

      I like cats.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • きらい

    きらい

    • na-adjective

      disliked

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • はい

    はい

    • interjection

      yes

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • いいえ

    いいえ

    • interjection

      no

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • すみません

    すみません

    • phrase

      excuse me; sorry

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ありがとう

    ありがとう

    • phrase

      thank you

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • おはようございます

    おはようございます

    • phrase

      good morning (polite)

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • こんばんは

    こんばんは

    • phrase

      good evening

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • さようなら

    さようなら

    • phrase

      goodbye

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • いま

    いま

    • adverb

      now

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • あとで

    あとで

    • adverb

      later

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • でも

    でも

    • conjunction

      but

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • へや

    へや

    • noun

      room

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • テレビ

    テレビ

    • noun

      television

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • えいが

    えいが

    • noun

      movie

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • おんがく

    おんがく

    • noun

      music

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • スポーツ

    スポーツ

    • noun

      sports

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • やすみ

    やすみ

    • noun

      holiday; day off

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • しゅうまつ

    しゅうまつ

    • noun

      weekend

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • あさ

    あさ

    • noun

      morning

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ひる

    ひる

    • noun

      noon; daytime

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ばん

    ばん

    • noun

      evening; night

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • よる

    よる

    • noun

      night

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • たべもの

    たべもの

    • noun

      food

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • のみもの

    のみもの

    • noun

      drink

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • レストラン

    レストラン

    • noun

      restaurant

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • メニュー

    メニュー

    • noun

      menu

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • おかね

    おかね

    • noun

      money

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • えん

    えん

    • noun

      yen

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • やすい

    やすい

    • i-adjective

      cheap; inexpensive

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • たかい

    たかい

    • i-adjective

      expensive; tall

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • おいしい

    おいしい

    • i-adjective

      delicious

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • おもしろい

    おもしろい

    • i-adjective

      interesting; funny

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • むずかしい

    むずかしい

    • i-adjective

      difficult

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • やさしい

    やさしい

    • i-adjective

      easy; kind

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • あたらしい

    あたらしい

    • i-adjective

      new

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • ふるい

    ふるい

    • i-adjective

      old (not people)

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • きれい

    きれい

    • na-adjective

      pretty; clean

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 便利

    べんり

    • na-adjective

      convenient

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 買う

    かう

    • verb

      to buy

      パンをかいます。

      pan o kaimasu

      I buy bread.

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 読む

    よむ

    • verb

      to read

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 書く

    かく

    • verb

      to write

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 聞く

    きく

    • verb

      to listen; ask

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 話す

    はなす

    • verb

      to speak

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 待つ

    まつ

    • verb

      to wait

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 会う

    あう

    • verb

      to meet

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 帰る

    かえる

    • verb

      to return home

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 分かる

    わかる

    • verb

      to understand

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • できる

    できる

    • verb

      to be able to; be ready

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • する

    する

    • verb

      to do

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • だれ

    だれ

    • pronoun

      who

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • なに

    なに

    • pronoun

      what

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • どこ

    どこ

    • pronoun

      where

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • いつ

    いつ

    • pronoun

      when

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • どう

    どう

    • adverb

      how

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • なぜ

    なぜ

    • adverb

      why

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 右

    みぎ

    • noun

      right

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 左

    ひだり

    • noun

      left

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 前

    まえ

    • noun

      front; before

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 後ろ

    うしろ

    • noun

      behind

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 上

    うえ

    • noun

      above; on

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 下

    した

    • noun

      below; under

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 中

    なか

    • noun

      inside; middle

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 外

    そと

    • noun

      outside

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 隣

    となり

    • noun

      next to

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 近く

    ちかく

    • noun

      nearby

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 遠い

    とおい

    • i-adjective

      far

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

  • 近い

    ちかい

    • i-adjective

      near

    Source / rights: KOTO curated beginner dictionary subset · Original glosses for private study · review_required

Concepts

  • Vowel row あ

    Kind: kana

    あ

    a

    a as in “father”, short and pure

    い

    i

    i as in “see”, short

    う

    u

    u as in “food”, with relaxed unrounded lips

    え

    e

    e as in “bed”, not the English glide “ay”

    お

    o

    o as in “or”, short, without a “w” glide

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • か row

    Kind: kana

    か

    ka

    ka — k plus the vowel a, one mora

    き

    ki

    ki — k plus the vowel i, one mora

    く

    ku

    ku — k plus the unrounded u, one mora

    け

    ke

    ke — k plus the vowel e, one mora

    こ

    ko

    ko — k plus the vowel o, one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • さ row

    Kind: kana

    さ

    sa

    sa — one mora

    し

    shi

    shi — one mora. Hepburn writes shi; Kunrei si is the same mora

    す

    su

    su — one mora, unrounded u

    せ

    se

    se — one mora

    そ

    so

    so — one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • た row

    Kind: kana

    た

    ta

    ta — one mora

    ち

    chi

    chi — one mora. Hepburn writes chi; Kunrei ti is the same mora

    つ

    tsu

    tsu — one mora, not two beats. Kunrei tu is the same mora

    て

    te

    te — one mora

    と

    to

    to — one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • な row

    Kind: kana

    な

    na

    na — one mora

    に

    ni

    ni — one mora

    ぬ

    nu

    nu — one mora

    ね

    ne

    ne — one mora

    の

    no

    no — one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • は row

    Kind: kana

    は

    ha

    ha — one mora as a syllable; the topic particle is later read wa

    ひ

    hi

    hi — one mora

    ふ

    fu

    fu — one mora; not English “foo”

    へ

    he

    he — one mora as a syllable; the direction particle is later read e

    ほ

    ho

    ho — one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • ま row

    Kind: kana

    ま

    ma

    ma — one mora

    み

    mi

    mi — one mora

    む

    mu

    mu — one mora

    め

    me

    me — one mora

    も

    mo

    mo — one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • や row

    Kind: kana

    や

    ya

    ya — one mora

    ゆ

    yu

    yu — one mora

    よ

    yo

    yo — one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • ら row

    Kind: kana

    ら

    ra

    ra — one mora; a light flap, not English r

    り

    ri

    ri — one mora

    る

    ru

    ru — one mora

    れ

    re

    re — one mora

    ろ

    ro

    ro — one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • わをん

    Kind: kana

    わ

    wa

    wa — one mora

    を

    o

    を — particle, usually o; Kunrei wo is the same mora

    ん

    n

    ん — one mora; the only consonant mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • が row

    Kind: kana

    が

    ga

    ga — voiced か

    ぎ

    gi

    gi — voiced き

    ぐ

    gu

    gu — voiced く

    げ

    ge

    ge — voiced け

    ご

    go

    go — voiced こ

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • ざ row

    Kind: kana

    ざ

    za

    za — voiced さ

    じ

    ji

    ji — voiced し; Kunrei zi

    ず

    zu

    zu — voiced す

    ぜ

    ze

    ze — voiced せ

    ぞ

    zo

    zo — voiced そ

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • だ row

    Kind: kana

    だ

    da

    da — voiced た

    ぢ

    ji

    ぢ — rare; often same sound as じ

    づ

    zu

    づ — rare; often same sound as ず

    で

    de

    de — voiced て

    ど

    do

    do — voiced と

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • ば row

    Kind: kana

    ば

    ba

    ba — voiced は

    び

    bi

    bi — voiced ひ

    ぶ

    bu

    bu — voiced ふ

    べ

    be

    be — voiced へ

    ぼ

    bo

    bo — voiced ほ

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • ぱ row

    Kind: kana

    ぱ

    pa

    pa — は with handakuten

    ぴ

    pi

    pi — ひ with handakuten

    ぷ

    pu

    pu — ふ with handakuten

    ぺ

    pe

    pe — へ with handakuten

    ぽ

    po

    po — ほ with handakuten

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana vowels

    Kind: kana

    ア

    a

    ア — katakana a

    イ

    i

    イ — katakana i

    ウ

    u

    ウ — katakana u

    エ

    e

    エ — katakana e

    オ

    o

    オ — katakana o

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana カ

    Kind: kana

    カ

    ka

    カ — ka

    キ

    ki

    キ — ki

    ク

    ku

    ク — ku

    ケ

    ke

    ケ — ke

    コ

    ko

    コ — ko

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana サ

    Kind: kana

    サ

    sa

    サ — sa

    シ

    shi

    シ — shi; watch vs ツ

    ス

    su

    ス — su

    セ

    se

    セ — se

    ソ

    so

    ソ — so; watch vs ン

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana タ

    Kind: kana

    タ

    ta

    タ — ta

    チ

    chi

    チ — chi

    ツ

    tsu

    ツ — tsu; watch vs シ

    テ

    te

    テ — te

    ト

    to

    ト — to

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana ナ

    Kind: kana

    ナ

    na

    ナ — na

    ニ

    ni

    ニ — ni

    ヌ

    nu

    ヌ — nu

    ネ

    ne

    ネ — ne

    ノ

    no

    ノ — no

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana ハ

    Kind: kana

    ハ

    ha

    ハ — ha

    ヒ

    hi

    ヒ — hi

    フ

    fu

    フ — fu

    ヘ

    he

    ヘ — he

    ホ

    ho

    ホ — ho

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana マ

    Kind: kana

    マ

    ma

    マ — ma

    ミ

    mi

    ミ — mi

    ム

    mu

    ム — mu

    メ

    me

    メ — me

    モ

    mo

    モ — mo

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana ヤ

    Kind: kana

    ヤ

    ya

    ヤ — ya

    ユ

    yu

    ユ — yu

    ヨ

    yo

    ヨ — yo

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana ラ

    Kind: kana

    ラ

    ra

    ラ — ra

    リ

    ri

    リ — ri

    ル

    ru

    ル — ru

    レ

    re

    レ — re

    ロ

    ro

    ロ — ro

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana ワ

    Kind: kana

    ワ

    wa

    ワ — wa

    ヲ

    o

    ヲ — usually o

    ン

    n

    ン — n; watch vs ソ

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana ガ

    Kind: kana

    ガ

    ga

    ガ — ga

    ギ

    gi

    ギ — gi

    グ

    gu

    グ — gu

    ゲ

    ge

    ゲ — ge

    ゴ

    go

    ゴ — go

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana ザ

    Kind: kana

    ザ

    za

    ザ — za

    ジ

    ji

    ジ — ji

    ズ

    zu

    ズ — zu

    ゼ

    ze

    ゼ — ze

    ゾ

    zo

    ゾ — zo

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana ダ

    Kind: kana

    ダ

    da

    ダ — da

    ヂ

    ji

    ヂ — rare

    ヅ

    zu

    ヅ — rare

    デ

    de

    デ — de

    ド

    do

    ド — do

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana バ

    Kind: kana

    バ

    ba

    バ — ba

    ビ

    bi

    ビ — bi

    ブ

    bu

    ブ — bu

    ベ

    be

    ベ — be

    ボ

    bo

    ボ — bo

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana パ

    Kind: kana

    パ

    pa

    パ — pa

    ピ

    pi

    ピ — pi

    プ

    pu

    プ — pu

    ペ

    pe

    ペ — pe

    ポ

    po

    ポ — po

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Small hiragana

    Kind: kana

    ぁ

    a

    small a — used in combinations

    ぃ

    i

    small i

    ぅ

    u

    small u

    ぇ

    e

    small e

    ぉ

    o

    small o

    っ

    tsu

    small tsu — gemination marker, not the full つ mora alone

    ゃ

    ya

    small ya

    ゅ

    yu

    small yu

    ょ

    yo

    small yo

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Small katakana

    Kind: kana

    ァ

    a

    small ア

    ィ

    i

    small イ

    ゥ

    u

    small ウ

    ェ

    e

    small エ

    ォ

    o

    small オ

    ッ

    tsu

    small ツ — gemination

    ャ

    ya

    small ヤ

    ュ

    yu

    small ユ

    ョ

    yo

    small ヨ

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Long vowel mark

    Kind: kana

    ー

    -

    長音 — lengthens the previous vowel in katakana

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Mora timing

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Stage 0 course finished

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Stage 1 consolidation check

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Stage 1 course finished

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • I; me

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • you (use carefully)

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • name

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • student

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • teacher

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • hello (daytime)

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • nice to meet you

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • please treat me well

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • numbers 1–10

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • what time

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • o’clock (counter)

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • my mother

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • my father

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • older sister (my)

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • friend

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • person

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • to eat

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • to drink

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • coffee

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • water

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • meal; rice

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • to go

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • to come

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • school

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • station

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • home; house

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • to see; watch

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • to get up

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • to sleep

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • study

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • hot

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • cold (weather)

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • big

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • small

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • quiet

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • well; energetic

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • how much (price)

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • shopping

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • shop; store

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • yesterday

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • tomorrow

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • today

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • every day

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • together

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • a little; a moment

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • once more

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • wait (te-form chunk)

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • pen

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • book

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • cat

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • dog

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • meat

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • vegetables

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • bread

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • tea

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • train

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • bus

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • free time

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • work; job

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • to be / exist (animate)

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • and then; after that

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • café

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Stage 2 course finished

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Stage 3 course finished

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Stage 4 course finished

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Stage 5 course finished

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Stage 2 check

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Stage 3 check

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Stage 4 check

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Stage 5 check

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 ichiban

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 kara

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 koto ga aru

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 nakereba

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 node

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 plain da

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 register

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 request soft

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 tai

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 tara

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 tara plans

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 te form

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 te sequence

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 temo ii

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 tsumori

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 yori

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 causative

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 causative passive

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 connectors

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 essay

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 keigo intro

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 passive

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 passive narr

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 relative

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 relative ext

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 to omou

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 wake

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 bakari

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 biz

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 claim

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 contrast

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 discuss

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 hodo

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 infer

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 register

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 skim

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 academic

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 critique

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 culture

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 hedge

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 idiom

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 nominal

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 summary

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 ame

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 benkyou

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 byouki

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 haitte

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 jikan

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 kun

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 mail

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 nihon

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 okite

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 ookii

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 ryokou

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 suki

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 tabeta

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 tabetai

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 tabete

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 tsukare

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • A2 wakarimashita

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 basho

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 hanashi

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 hazu

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 hito

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 iken

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 irassharu

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 iu

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 kodomo

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 omou

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 shitsurei

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 sorekara

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B1 tsukuru

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 desu masu

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 kiji

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 kurai

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 riyuu

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 sansei

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 shika

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 shikashi

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • B2 yoroshiku

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 gainen

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 hihan

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 idiom

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 koto

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 matome

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • C1 osoraku

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Polite copula です

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Plain copula だ (awareness)

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Topic particle は

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Subject/focus particle が

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Object particle を

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Particle に (destination / existence point)

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Particle で (place of action)

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Direction particle へ

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Particle の

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Particle も (“also”)

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Questions with か

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • これ / それ / あれ

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • ここ / そこ / あそこ

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • あります / います

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Polite present ます

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Polite past ました

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Polite negative ません

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • い-adjectives

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • な-adjectives

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Requests with ください

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • 好き / 嫌い

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Invitation ませんか

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • て-form + ください (intro)

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Basic verb groups (awareness)

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • な row

    Kind: kana

    な

    na

    na — one mora

    に

    ni

    ni — one mora

    ぬ

    nu

    nu — one mora

    ね

    ne

    ne — one mora

    の

    no

    no — one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • は row

    Kind: kana

    は

    ha

    ha — one mora as a syllable; the topic particle is later read wa

    ひ

    hi

    hi — one mora

    ふ

    fu

    fu — one mora; not English “foo”

    へ

    he

    he — one mora as a syllable; the direction particle is later read e

    ほ

    ho

    ho — one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • ま row

    Kind: kana

    ま

    ma

    ma — one mora

    み

    mi

    mi — one mora

    む

    mu

    mu — one mora

    め

    me

    me — one mora

    も

    mo

    mo — one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • や row

    Kind: kana

    や

    ya

    ya — one mora

    ゆ

    yu

    yu — one mora

    よ

    yo

    yo — one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • ら row

    Kind: kana

    ら

    ra

    ra — one mora; a light flap, not English r

    り

    ri

    ri — one mora

    る

    ru

    ru — one mora

    れ

    re

    re — one mora

    ろ

    ro

    ro — one mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • わをん

    Kind: kana

    わ

    wa

    wa — one mora

    を

    o

    を — particle, usually o; Kunrei wo is the same mora

    ん

    n

    ん — one mora; the only consonant mora

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Dakuten rows

    Kind: kana

    が

    ga

    ga — voiced か

    ぎ

    gi

    gi — voiced き

    ぐ

    gu

    gu — voiced く

    げ

    ge

    ge — voiced け

    ご

    go

    go — voiced こ

    ざ

    za

    za — voiced さ

    じ

    ji

    ji — voiced し; Kunrei zi

    ず

    zu

    zu — voiced す

    ぜ

    ze

    ze — voiced せ

    ぞ

    zo

    zo — voiced そ

    だ

    da

    da — voiced た

    ぢ

    ji

    ぢ — rare; often same sound as じ

    づ

    zu

    づ — rare; often same sound as ず

    で

    de

    de — voiced て

    ど

    do

    do — voiced と

    ば

    ba

    ba — voiced は

    び

    bi

    bi — voiced ひ

    ぶ

    bu

    bu — voiced ふ

    べ

    be

    be — voiced へ

    ぼ

    bo

    bo — voiced ほ

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Handakuten ぱ

    Kind: kana

    ぱ

    pa

    pa — は with handakuten

    ぴ

    pi

    pi — ひ with handakuten

    ぷ

    pu

    pu — ふ with handakuten

    ぺ

    pe

    pe — へ with handakuten

    ぽ

    po

    po — ほ with handakuten

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Small っ

    Kind: kana

    っ

    tsu

    small tsu — gemination marker, not the full つ mora alone

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Contracted sounds

    Kind: kana

    ゃ

    ya

    small ya

    ゅ

    yu

    small yu

    ょ

    yo

    small yo

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Long vowels

    Kind: kana

    ー

    -

    長音 — lengthens the previous vowel in katakana

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana ア–ト

    Kind: kana

    ア

    a

    ア — katakana a

    イ

    i

    イ — katakana i

    ウ

    u

    ウ — katakana u

    エ

    e

    エ — katakana e

    オ

    o

    オ — katakana o

    カ

    ka

    カ — ka

    キ

    ki

    キ — ki

    ク

    ku

    ク — ku

    ケ

    ke

    ケ — ke

    コ

    ko

    コ — ko

    サ

    sa

    サ — sa

    シ

    shi

    シ — shi; watch vs ツ

    ス

    su

    ス — su

    セ

    se

    セ — se

    ソ

    so

    ソ — so; watch vs ン

    タ

    ta

    タ — ta

    チ

    chi

    チ — chi

    ツ

    tsu

    ツ — tsu; watch vs シ

    テ

    te

    テ — te

    ト

    to

    ト — to

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Remaining katakana

    Kind: kana

    ナ

    na

    ナ — na

    ニ

    ni

    ニ — ni

    ヌ

    nu

    ヌ — nu

    ネ

    ne

    ネ — ne

    ノ

    no

    ノ — no

    ハ

    ha

    ハ — ha

    ヒ

    hi

    ヒ — hi

    フ

    fu

    フ — fu

    ヘ

    he

    ヘ — he

    ホ

    ho

    ホ — ho

    マ

    ma

    マ — ma

    ミ

    mi

    ミ — mi

    ム

    mu

    ム — mu

    メ

    me

    メ — me

    モ

    mo

    モ — mo

    ヤ

    ya

    ヤ — ya

    ユ

    yu

    ユ — yu

    ヨ

    yo

    ヨ — yo

    ラ

    ra

    ラ — ra

    リ

    ri

    リ — ri

    ル

    ru

    ル — ru

    レ

    re

    レ — re

    ロ

    ro

    ロ — ro

    ワ

    wa

    ワ — wa

    ヲ

    o

    ヲ — usually o

    ン

    n

    ン — n; watch vs ソ

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Katakana long mark

    Kind: kana

    ー

    -

    長音 — lengthens the previous vowel in katakana

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Voiced katakana

    Kind: kana

    ガ

    ga

    ガ — ga

    ギ

    gi

    ギ — gi

    グ

    gu

    グ — gu

    ゲ

    ge

    ゲ — ge

    ゴ

    go

    ゴ — go

    ザ

    za

    ザ — za

    ジ

    ji

    ジ — ji

    ズ

    zu

    ズ — zu

    ゼ

    ze

    ゼ — ze

    ゾ

    zo

    ゾ — zo

    ダ

    da

    ダ — da

    ヂ

    ji

    ヂ — rare

    ヅ

    zu

    ヅ — rare

    デ

    de

    デ — de

    ド

    do

    ド — do

    バ

    ba

    バ — ba

    ビ

    bi

    ビ — bi

    ブ

    bu

    ブ — bu

    ベ

    be

    ベ — be

    ボ

    bo

    ボ — bo

    パ

    pa

    パ — pa

    ピ

    pi

    ピ — pi

    プ

    pu

    プ — pu

    ペ

    pe

    ペ — pe

    ポ

    po

    ポ — po

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kana practice

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Hiragana words

    Kind: skill

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • cherry blossom

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • ice cream

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • test

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Greetings

    Kind: speech

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Yoroshiku

    Kind: speech

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Self-introduction

    Kind: speech

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Yes and no

    Kind: speech

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • That's not right

    Kind: speech

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Topic は

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Polite です

    Kind: grammar

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Japan

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Japanese (language)

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 人

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 日

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • today

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 本

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 語

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 学

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • student

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • school

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 生

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 食

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 飲

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • to drink

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 見

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 行

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • to go

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 大

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 小

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 山

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • mountain

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 川

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • river

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 水

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 火

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • fire

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 木

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • tree

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 金

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • money

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 土

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • soil

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 月

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • moon

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 年

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • this year

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 時

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 分

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • to understand

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 半

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • half

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 今

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • now

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 先

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 何

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • what

    Kind: vocabulary

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 私

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 父

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

  • Kanji 母

    Kind: kanji

    Source: KOTO original beginner notes

Examples

  • あaいiうuえeおo

    The five vowels, in chart order.

  • あaおo

    Two moras. This is also the word for blue; you do not need that meaning yet.

  • いiえe

    Two moras. Later this writing is also the word for house.

  • かkaきkiくkuけkeこko

    The か row in chart order.

  • かkaおo

    Two moras. This writing is also the word for face.

  • きkiくku

    Two moras from the new row.

  • さsaしshiすsuせseそso

    The さ row. し is one mora.

  • たtaちchiつtsuてteとto

    The た row. つ is one mora.

  • すsuしshi

    Two even moras. English “sushi” often stresses the second syllable; Japanese keeps both beats level.

  • そsoこko

    Two moras, mixing the new さ row with こ. This writing means “there”.

  • いぬ

    dog

  • ほし

    star

  • なつ

    summer

  • やま

    mountain

  • ゆめ

    dream

  • ほん

    book

  • がっこう

    school

  • きょう

    today

  • きって

    postage stamp

  • ねこ

    cat

  • さくら

    cherry blossom

  • みず

    water

  • アイス

    ice cream

  • テスト

    test/exam

  • カカオ

    cacao

  • カメラ

    camera

  • コーヒー

    coffee

  • バッグ

    bag

  • こんにちは。

    Hello. (daytime)

  • はじめまして。

    Nice to meet you. (first meeting formula)

  • わたしはマヤです。

    I am Maya.

  • わたしはがくせいです。

    I am a student.

  • マヤさんはせんせいです。

    Maya is a teacher.

  • マヤさんはがくせいですか。

    Is Maya a student?

  • はい、がくせいです。

    Yes, (she) is a student.

  • いいえ、せんせいです。

    No, (she) is a teacher.

  • わたしはがくせいです。

    I am a student.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • こんにちは。はじめまして。

    Hello. Nice to meet you.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • コーヒーをのみます。

    I drink coffee.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • カフェでコーヒーをのみます。

    I drink coffee at a café.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • いち、に、さん

    one, two, three

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • なんじですか。

    What time is it?

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • これはははです。

    This is my mother.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • ともだちです。

    He/She is a friend.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • コーヒーをください。

    Coffee, please.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • ごはんをたべます。

    I eat a meal.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • がっこうにいきます。

    I go to school.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • これはペンです。

    This is a pen.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • まいにちおきます。

    I get up every day.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • テレビをみます。

    I watch TV.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • きょうはあついです。

    It is hot today.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • しずかなへやです。

    It is a quiet room.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • ねこがすきです。

    I like cats.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • いくらですか。

    How much is it?

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • きのういきました。

    I went yesterday.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • きのうべんきょうしました。

    I studied yesterday.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • ちょっとまってください。

    Please wait a moment.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • いっしょにいきませんか。

    Shall we go together?

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • わたしはがくせいです。

    I am a student.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • コーヒーをください。

    Coffee, please.

  • はい。

    Yes.

  • がくせいだ。

    I'm a student. (plain)

  • だだ

    Target form in isolation

  • たべる?/たべますか。

    Eat? / Will you eat? (polite)

  • ますか

    Target form in isolation

  • たべてください。

    Please eat.

  • てて

    Target form in isolation

  • おきて、がっこうにいきます。

    I get up and go to school.

  • おきて

    Target form in isolation

  • ラーメンがたべたいです。

    I want to eat ramen.

  • たい

    Target form in isolation

  • あしたりょこうするつもりです。

    I plan to travel tomorrow.

  • つもり

    Target form in isolation

  • はいってもいいですか。

    May I come in?

  • てもいい

    Target form in isolation

  • べんきょうしなければいけません。

    I have to study.

  • なければ

    Target form in isolation

  • このへやのほうがおおきいです。

    This room is bigger.

  • ほうが

    Target form in isolation

  • いちばんすきなのはねこです。

    What I like most is cats.

  • いちばん

    Target form in isolation

  • あめがふったら、うちにいます。

    If it rains, I'll stay home.

  • たら

    Target form in isolation

  • じかんがあったら、えいがをみます。

    If I have time, I'll watch a movie.

  • あったら

    Target form in isolation

  • 日本にいったことがあります。

    I have been to Japan.

  • ことがある

    Target form in isolation

  • すしをたべたことがありますか。

    Have you eaten sushi?

  • たべた

    Target form in isolation

  • つかれたから、ねます。

    I'm tired, so I'll sleep.

  • から

    Target form in isolation

  • びょうきなので、やすみます。

    I'm sick, so I'll rest.

  • ので

    Target form in isolation

  • すみませんが、ちょっとまってください。

    Sorry, please wait a moment.

  • がが

    Target form in isolation

  • わかりました。

    Understood.

  • わかりました

    Target form in isolation

  • たべて、ねます。

    I eat and then sleep.

  • てて

    Target form in isolation

  • いきたいです。

    I want to go.

  • たい

    Target form in isolation

  • きのうあった人はせんせいです。

    The person I met yesterday is a teacher.

  • あった

    Target form in isolation

  • わたしがすきなばしょです。

    It is a place I like.

  • すきな

    Target form in isolation

  • このパンはパンやでつくられました。

    This bread was made at a bakery.

  • られ

    Target form in isolation

  • そういわれました。

    I was told so.

  • いわれ

    Target form in isolation

  • こどもにやさいをたべさせます。

    I make/let the child eat vegetables.

  • させ

    Target form in isolation

  • まつさせられました。

    I was made to wait.

  • させられ

    Target form in isolation

  • それはいいとおもいます。

    I think that is good.

  • とおもいます

    Target form in isolation

  • くるはずです。

    They should come. / They're supposed to come.

  • はず

    Target form in isolation

  • まずコーヒーをのみました。それからあるきました。

    First I drank coffee. Then I walked.

  • それから

    Target form in isolation

  • きのうはとてもいそがしかったです。

    Yesterday was very busy.

  • いそがしかった

    Target form in isolation

  • いらっしゃいますか。

    Is (someone honorific) here?

  • いらっしゃい

    Target form in isolation

  • しつれいします。

    Excuse me (entering/leaving).

  • しつれい

    Target form in isolation

  • 私のいけんでは、…

    In my opinion…

  • いけん

    Target form in isolation

  • そうとおもいます。

    I think so.

  • とおもいます

    Target form in isolation

  • パンしかたべません。

    I eat nothing but bread.

  • しか

    Target form in isolation

  • 思うほどかんたんではない。

    It's not as easy as one thinks.

  • ほど

    Target form in isolation

  • それ、どう思う?/どうおもいますか。

    What do you think? (casual/polite)

  • おもいますか

    Target form in isolation

  • ご検討ください。

    Please consider it.

  • ご検討

    Target form in isolation

  • たしかに便利だが、高い。

    Certainly convenient, but expensive.

  • だが

    Target form in isolation

  • そのりゆうは三つある。

    There are three reasons for that.

  • りゆう

    Target form in isolation

  • 記事によれば、…

    According to the article…

  • によれば

    Target form in isolation

  • つまり、そういうことだ。

    In other words, that's it.

  • つまり

    Target form in isolation

  • さんせいできません。

    I can't agree.

  • さんせい

    Target form in isolation

  • たしかにそうだが…

    Certainly so, but…

  • だが

    Target form in isolation

  • おそらくその可能性が高い。

    That possibility is probably high.

  • おそらく

    Target form in isolation

  • 重要なのは、事実を確認することだ。

    What matters is confirming the facts.

  • ことだ

    Target form in isolation

  • この概念を定義する。

    Define this concept.

  • 概念

    Target form in isolation

    No Japanese voice is installed, so there is no play button. You can still read the explanation. On macOS, add a Japanese voice in System Settings → Accessibility → Spoken Content → System Voice.

  • 以上をまとめると、…

    To summarize the above…

  • まとめると

    Target form in isolation

  • 話が通じる。

    We understand each other / communication works.

  • 通じる

    Target form in isolation

  • 場をわきまえる。

    Read the room / know one's place in context.

  • わきまえる

    Target form in isolation

  • その主張には根拠が足りない。

    That claim lacks sufficient grounds.

  • 根拠

    Target form in isolation

    No Japanese voice is installed, so there is no play button. You can still read the explanation. On macOS, add a Japanese voice in System Settings → Accessibility → Spoken Content → System Voice.

  • 以上をまとめると、…

    To summarize…

  • まとめると

    Target form in isolation

  • あa

    A vowel you can practice after lesson 1.

  • かka

    Available after the か lesson.